Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

Explanation:
Regular physical activity acts as a protective factor for cardiovascular health, not a risk factor. It lowers cardiovascular risk through several mechanisms: it reduces blood pressure, improves lipid profiles (raises HDL and lowers LDL/triglycerides), enhances insulin sensitivity, helps with weight management, improves endothelial function, and reduces systemic inflammation. Because of these benefits, regular exercise does not increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Overweight, smoking, and race are associated with higher risk because they contribute to hypertension, atherogenesis, inflammation, and disparities in healthcare access and disease prevalence.

Regular physical activity acts as a protective factor for cardiovascular health, not a risk factor. It lowers cardiovascular risk through several mechanisms: it reduces blood pressure, improves lipid profiles (raises HDL and lowers LDL/triglycerides), enhances insulin sensitivity, helps with weight management, improves endothelial function, and reduces systemic inflammation. Because of these benefits, regular exercise does not increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease.

Overweight, smoking, and race are associated with higher risk because they contribute to hypertension, atherogenesis, inflammation, and disparities in healthcare access and disease prevalence.

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